Wednesday, 11 April 2012

Youth development in Scottish football - identification versus development


In our last post we discussed some of the issues surrounding how we can assess the success of Scotland’s national game on the international stage; the success of the national team versus success within the domestic league structure.  In this post we will discuss talent identification in soccer and how we can assist the next generation of players to fulfil their potential on both the domestic and international stage. 

Talent identification versus talent development.

Talent identification is an area of interest that has received a great deal of attention in recent years with some fantastic examples of how sports and national governing bodies have tapped into the talent pool in other sports to create medal winning athletes of their own.  We generally associate talent identification however with sports and events which have a limited number of participants from which to develop elite competitors.  Determining whether football could be classified as such a sport in Scotland is problematic given the difficulty in determining how many young players are registered with official clubs (if this data is available I would appreciate being pointed in the right direction).  Anecdotally however it would seem that there is a large demand for youth coaching with many teams, even at boy’s club level, offering multiple teams at each age group.  This is of course in addition to initiative and elite level club academies organised and run by teams in the SPL and SFL.  Without detailing exact figures it would seem that there is no shortage of young people, both male and female, interested in playing football.  With this is mind it would seem that we are dealing with a issues surrounding talent development rather than identification.  

Talent development.

A couple of weeks ago I was fortunate enough to have the opportunity to listen to one of the greats of modern athletics, Edwin Moses, discuss how he came to be an Olympic champion.  One of the most striking aspects of his story was that whilst at college his performances were not of the required standard to get him onto the school team, a school which by his own admission was not steeped in athletic talent.  It was only through a program of rigorous and structured practise and the belief of a committed coach that he was able to fulfil his potential on the world stage many years later.  To many coaches who have spent their careers working with young athletes this is nothing new.  The road to success and mastery in sport is rarely, if ever, linear with athletes experiencing numerous highs and lows along the way.  It could be argued in fact, as was the case for Edwin Moses, that it is the adversity experienced in these lows which embeds the determination and desire required to persevere in the pursuit of excellence.  This sentiment was echoed recently by Sentayehu Eshetu, a coach based in Ethiopia who has worked with a number of the nation’s most talented runners when he observed that ‘athletes come through unexpectedly and fail unexpectedly’.  The question we must ask in football is whether we allow our players the time and space, especially within elite academies, to develop their skills and potential.  Releasing players is a necessary facet of elite academies however determining whether the player is actually ‘not good enough’ rather than undergoing a transitory drop in form is of critical importance.  This of course could be the downside of having a relatively large population to choose from when it comes to filling places within elite academies, there is always someone out there who is on rich vein of form, be it transitory or otherwise. 

Give me a little more time!

In his book ‘What the dog saw’ Malcolm Gladwell discusses the problems facing American Football clubs in identifying high school athletes who have the potential to make it in the NFL, specifically those in the position of quarterback.  He finishes the chapter with a fantastic quote which resonates with the issue of talent development in Scotland, ‘a prediction in a field where prediction is not possible is no more than a prejudice.’  None of us, no matter how long we have been in the game, can foretell which players will eventually make the grade and play at the highest level.  Of course the task seems easier in players who display skills and techniques far in advance of their peers however still there are a number of factors which may get in the way, not least the motivation of the player themselves.  The situation is confounded by the later developers who fail to display early signs of promise but who develop into excellent players later in their career (Edwin Moses in our earlier example).  This begs the question of how many players have been at academies and released yet with a little extra time may have developed into excellent senior players.

Tracking performance.

Introducing objectivity into the selection and retention process of young players is a key factor in the development process, a notion which those of you who have read ‘Moneyball’ by Michael Lewis will be familiar with.  The performance indicators chosen will be specific to each club and depend on the style of football they espouse and their philosophy on player development.  The most important thing however is that they are robust enough to track players longitudinally and assist in the retention of skilled young players.  In addition, clubs must commit to collecting longitudinal descriptive data on their players including basic information such as training minutes, playing minutes and date of entry.  The same way that comparing players of differing maturational status is unfair so it is true in the comparison of players who have trained and/or played significantly less than their peers whether this is due to injury or selection issues.  The requirement of clubs to offer similar playing minutes to all their players is perhaps a discussion for another time but is certainly something the EPL are supportive of in their recent Elite Player Performance document.
When making decisions on players it may be helpful to use the following continuum; 

Retain - Replace - Release.

Players who are consistently performing well and/or who clubs feel have the potential to do well in the future fall into the ‘retain’ category, so far so straight forward.  For players who the club feels are behind the performance curve, for whatever reason two decisions are possible.  Firstly the player can be replaced.  This however should only be utilised when the club can satisfy themselves that the player they are bringing in is better than what they already have.  Remember the incoming player will have x amount of time to catch up on in the performance setting of the specific club and in their philosophy of how to play the game.  If they cannot achieve this, then maybe they would be better sticking with the player they have already invested time and money in and working with them to try and address their deficiencies.  In this instance we may liken the situation to a marriage councillor who asks a couple who have fallen out of love, ‘what was it that first attracted you to each other?’  The final stage of being released is reserved for players who after a thorough analysis the club still feel are behind the curve and are released without being replaced. 

Are we missing something?
Despite the widespread popularity of the game in Scotland amongst young people there may be elements of society who are never exposed to the opportunity of quality coaching and/or organised match play.  Recent government statistics suggest that by the year 2016 there will be 896,000 children living in Scotland.  If we assume that roughly half of these will be male (that is not to ignore the popularity of the female game but for the purposes of this post we are concentrating on the male game) that leaves us with roughly 448,000.  Many boys clubs now require players to pay a monthly membership fee, in some instances upwards of £40 per month whilst in elite academies there is a reliance upon parents to transport their children to the training ground the club use.  These factors may contribute to a section of society, those from a poorer background or with parents who are unable to support their children’s sporting interests, never having the chance to play the game at an organised level.  If this is the case how many exceptional young players might we be missing out on in a sport that has traditionally labelled itself as working class?
It is true, especially given the data listed above, that Scotland is not blessed with a huge population from which to select its future stars however there are many countries and even sections' of communities who produce a significant amount of talented athletes that belie their small population figures.  For those of you interested read the ‘Talent Code’ by Daniel Coyle.  There is no reason why Scotland cannot do the same providing it ensures long term investment in its young players and does not dismiss the stars of the future as soon as they hit their first dip in form.  After all, how many of the world’s best athletes would we see shine on the world stage at this summer’s Olympics if they had been subjected to an unfair selection process in their childhood?

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